Novel Caryophyllane-Related Sesquiterpenoids with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Rumphella antipathes (Linnaeus, 1758)

Two previously undescribed caryophyllane-related sesquiterpenoids, antipacids A (1) and B (2), with a novel bicyclo[5.2.0] core skeleton, and known compound clovane-2β,9α-diol (3), along with rumphellolide L (4), an esterified product of 1 and 3, were isolated from the organic extract of octocoral Rumphella antipathes. Their structures, including the absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical experiments. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity analysis indicated that antipacid B (2) inhibited the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils, with IC₅₀ values of 11.22 and 23.53 μM, respectively, while rumphellolide L (4) suppressed the release of elastase with an IC₅₀ value of 7.63 μM.     

Anti-Inflammatory Cembranoids from a Formosa Soft Coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri

The present investigation on chemical constituents of the soft coral Sarcophyton cherbonnieri resulted in the isolation of seven new cembranoids, cherbonolides F–L (1–7). The chemical structures of 1–7 were determined by spectroscopic methods, including infrared, one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS experiments, and a chemical reduction of hydroperoxide by triphenylphosphine. The anti-inflammatory activities of 1–7 against neutrophil proinflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory ability toward N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in primary human neutrophils. The results showed that all isolates exhibited moderate activities, while cherbonolide G (2) and cherbonolide H (3) displayed a more active effect than others on the inhibition of elastase release (48.2% ± 6.2%) and superoxide anion generation (44.5% ± 4.6%) at 30 µM, respectively.     

pH胁迫对中国明对虾抗氧化系统酶活力及基因表达的影响

研究了pH胁迫对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)抗氧化系统的影响,将中国明对虾暴露于pH7.0、9.0的水体中148 h,于胁迫后0、3、12、24、48、72、96、120、148 h测定鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉和血淋巴总抗氧化活力(T-AOC)、抗超氧阴离子活力、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和CA...     

Role of voltage-dependent anion channel in cardiomyocytes subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation

AIM: To investigate the role of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R).METHODS: The shRNAs targeting VDAC1 mRNA were inserted into pSUPER plasmid.H9c2 cells were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows: control group, A/R group, anoxia preconditioning (APC) group, pSUPER-VDAC1-A/R group and pSUPER-A/R group. The expression of VDAC1 was detected by Western blotting. Cellular injury was evaluated by measuring the cell viability and the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). The mitochondria membrane potential was determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS: VDAC1 expression was up-regulated in A/R group and was inhibited in APC group. Similarly, down-regulation of VDAC1 expression by shRNA protected H9c2 cells from A/R injury. Moreover, we found that, with silencing VDAC1 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential was well preserved in H9c2 cells subjected to A/R.CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of VDAC1 protects H9c2 cells against A/R injury and its possible mechanism appears to be related to the regulation of mitochondial permeability transition pore opening.     

儿茶素及其组合物清除自由基能力的研究

应用化学发光方法研究了4种儿茶素及其组合物对超氧阴离子自由基（O^＊2^-）和羟自由基（OH^＊）的清除能力，并对其之间的清除能力进行了比较。结果表明：EGCG、ECG、EGC和EC的O^＊2^-清除率为50％时的浓度SC50分别为4．2、4．9、5．2和6．2μmol／L，而OH^＊清除率为50％时的浓度SC50则分别为0．22、0．25、0．26和0．30μmol／L。4种儿茶素的浓度相同时，其O^＊2^-和OH^＊清除率的大小顺序为：EGCG〉ECG〉EGC〉Ec。并应用正交试验设计方法来优化4种儿茶素的组合，结果表明：清除O^＊2^-和OH^＊的最佳组合是EGCG：ECG：EGC：EC为3：3：1：1。EGCG对自由基清除率影响是最大和最显著的。在4种儿茶素的组合中，当EGCG所占的比例较大时，其组合物的自由基清除率比单体的自由基清除率要大。文中最后还模拟了不同茶叶中4种儿茶素所占的比例不同时，其清除自由基的能力的大小。本研究为利用儿茶素的不同配伍寻找一种更能发挥其药用功效的复合物提供了一条新的途经。     

Clay dispersion and its relation to surface charge in a paddy soil of the Red River Delta,Vietnam

Dispersion is an important issue for clay leaching in soils. In paddy soils of the Red River Delta (RRD), flooding with fresh water and relatively high leaching rates can accelerate dispersion and the translocation of clay. For the clay fraction of the puddled horizon of a typical paddy soil of the RRD, the effect of various cations and anions as well as humic acid (HA) at different pH values on the surface charge (SC) were quantified and the dispersion properties were determined in test tubes and described by the C₅₀ value. In the <2 µm fraction, dominated by illite, the proportion of 2:1 vs. 1:1 clay minerals is 5:1. The organic‐C content of the clay fraction is 2.2%. Surface charge was found to be highly pH‐dependent. At pH 8 values of –32 and at pH 1 of –8 mmol_c kg^–1 were obtained. Complete dispersion was observed at pH > 4, where SC is > –18 mmol_c kg^–1. The flocculation efficiency of Ca strongly depends on the pH. At pH 4, the C₅₀ value is 0.33, 0.66 at pH 5, and 0.90 mmol L^–1 at pH 6. At pH 6, close to realistic conditions of paddy soils, the effect of divalent cations on the SC and flocculation decreases in the order: Pb > Cu > Cd > Fe^II > Zn > Ca > Mn^II > Mg; Fe^II was found to have a slightly stronger effect on flocculation than Ca. An increase in concentrations of Ca, Mn^II, and Mg from 0 to 1 mmol L^–1 resulted in a change in SC from –25 to approx. –15 mmol_c kg^–1. In comparison, the divalent heavy‐metal cations Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were found to neutralize the SC more effectively. At a Pb concentration of 1 mmol L^–1, the SC is –2 mmol_c kg^–1. From pH 3 to 5, the dispersion of the clay fraction is facilitated rather by SO than by Cl^–, which can be explained by the higher affinity of SO to the positively charged sites. With an increase of the amount of HA added, the SC continuously shifts to more negative values, and higher concentrations of cations are needed for flocculation. At pH 3, where flocculation is usually observed, the presence of HA at a concentration of 40 mg L^–1 resulted in a dispersion of the clay fraction. While high anion concentrations and the presence of HA counteract flocculation by making the SC more negative, Fe^II and Ca (C₅₀ at pH 6 = 0.8 and 0.9 mmol L^–1, respectively) are the main factors for the flocculation of the clay fraction. For Fe^II and Ca, the most common cations in soil solution, the C₅₀ values were found to be relatively close together at pH 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Depending on the specific mineralogical composition of the clay fraction, SC is a suitable measure for the determination of dispersion properties and for the development of methods to keep clay particles in the soil in the flocculated state.     

Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Green-Wheat-Bran

The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.     

W/O微乳液体系中SA和MS清除·O_2~-的研究

以水溶液体系作为对照,利用分光光度法研究了W/O型微乳液体系中水杨酸（SA）和水杨酸甲酯（MS）清除超氧阴离子自由基（·O2-）的性能.结果发现,在水浴时间为20min、pH值为8.20和邻苯三酚加入量适宜的情况下,W/O微乳液体系中SA、MS对·O2-的清除率分别可达72.92%、81.47%.微小的pH值变化会引起邻苯三酚自氧化速率的显著变化,电解质溶液对其也有明显的影响,但对SA、MS清除·O2-的能力影响不大.     

浅析室内迷你水景

阐述了室内迷你水景的定义及特点,分析了室内迷你水景的分类及配置,并展望了室内迷你水景的前景,为迷你水景的发展奠定了一定理论基础。     

西径山森林公园夏季空气负离子日变化

对浙江省临安市西径山森林公园内6种典型植物群落的空气负离子浓度、气温、相对湿度、光照强度等进行测定,将公园入口广场与临安市区人民广场作为对照,以此来研究不同群落类型以及各环境因子对空气负离子浓度的影响。结果表明：6种参试群落的空气负离子浓度都明显高于对照,西径山森林公园的平均环境质量明显优于市区;各群落空气负离子浓度由高到低依次为香椿Toona sinensis -紫楠Phoebe sheareri群落＞樟树Cinnamomum camphora-桂花Osmanthus fragrance群落＞杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata群落＞木荷Schima superba-青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca群落＞青冈-苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla fragrance群落＞毛竹Phyllostachys pubescens群落;其中5个群落的空气质量达到了最清洁;就植物群落负离子昼间变化来看,从8：00到17：00基本呈双峰状,分别在9：00－10：00和13：00－14：00出现2次峰值;对空气负离子与其他气象因子的相关分析显示,空气负离子与相对湿度极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与气温显著负相关（P＜0.05）,与光照强度无明显相关性。图2表5参21